Hello Folks,
Here I am again presenting you all a glimpse of 5 year plans in India... How it started and What mazor things has happened in which plan..... You all may feel free to post your queries into the comments section... Em trying to juzz keep it short n crisp and will try to keep it as a story rather than concentrating entirely upon the theories.....For any further details you can post questions in comments section or can even ping me in my mailbox..... Happy reading Guyzzz....
So how it all started, India achieved independence and then Nehru G became the then PM, angrez chale toh gaye india se....per peeche chorr gaye hazaaron problem....sabse badi problem uss time ki thi "Settling Migrants and Refugee/Garibi/"...... Garibi bhar bhar ke India main thi as it was considered that over 95% of the people were below poverty line(I will be covering Poverty in India in another post) in india at dat time....! ! ! ! It is not like india was a poor country but the point was that it was concentrated with very few people....saare raja-maharajaon ke pass tha paisa sirf....aur more than 95% population garib....Irony f dis country.....FAO(food and agriculture org,Rome-H/O) ne pehale garibi naapne ko kaha....per sharm ke maare govt ne nahi naapi....kyunki janate the ki 95%+ garib hain.....den what Nehru G n planning commission thought ki Desh ka vikaas karte hain aur garibi khud hi chali jaayegiii.....they were so wrong in their thinking....later govts realised that.
First three Five year plans were focused on industrialixation and preparing an Infrastructure for the nation....! ! ! !
1951 main aaya pehla 5 year plan:1951-56, It was based on Harrod-Domar Model.
The following Irrigation projects were started during that period: Metttur Dam, Hirakud Dam, Bhakra Dam. 5 IITs banaaye gaye, aur University Grant commission banaa kyunki india main pehale na koi padta tha aur naa hi proper education ke naam pe kuch paaya jaata tha. Literacy at the time of independence was total of 12%..... in which 2% who can read and write and 10% people were those who can sign in any of the languages.... My old poor India.... ! ! !
Target Growth: 4.5% Actual Growth: 4.27%.... Same Nehru G was d PM.....focus on fast industrialization was there in this plan too.... came lot f steel factories which were started as projects in first five year plan....employement thora sa bada...aur refugge logo ko v kaafi settle kiya gaya india ke different parts main.... Iss plan main khoob saare institues khole gaye....Hydroelectric projects chaalo huyee aur coal production badaya gaya aur railway lines bicchayi gayii.....! !
Third Five Year Plan: 1961-1966
John Sandy+S Chakraborty Model
Target : 5.6%
Achieved : 2.5%
Result : Fail(Lemme mention dat this is the only 5 year plan in India which is considered fail till now)
This was the take off stage as industries have already been set up in India.
Reason for failure: 1) Indo China War 1958-62, focus and resouces went on defense and army
2) PM Nehru Died, 1964
3) Indo Pak War
4) PM Shastri G died - 1965
5) Natural disasters like Flood/Famine/Draught all came together in 1965-1966
.Now comes the Plan Holiday or yearly plans(1966-69)
1965 main shastri G ke nidhan ke baad leadership ka prashn utha.....
1965 main shastri G ke nidhan ke baad leadership ka prashn utha.....
desh main congress kaa raaj tha...Nehru G aur Shastri G ke aakasmic nidhan ke baad question utha ki agla PM kaun....Uss samay saamne aanyiii hamari Ms.Indira Gandhi G......Gandhi naam main juddey hone ka sabse bada fayda unko yahan mila.....Desh ki janata ne unhe PM banaa diya....Congress ke senior players f dat time ne socha tha ki she is an old lady and dey can make her sit at PM post while they will b hving d command in their hand.
Ram Manohar Lohiya G called her Gungi Gudiya, which means 'Mute Doll' But jaise hi Indira G PM bani....she proved to b a paradox....very authoritative ladyy...... Unhone baaki sab ko laat maar ke apni authority banaa li....She was a very powerful lady. Unhone planning commission aur baaki saari powerful ministries apne pass rakh lii.... uss samay famous tha..... "Main hi sab kuch hun.....Main hi Planning Commission hun etc etc"......5 year plans roke gaye aur 3 saal tak yearly plans aaye jinko Plan Holiday ka naam diya gaya....! ! !
Now getting into the other reasons behind stopping the five year plans:
The Third Plan was mired by inflation, armed conflicts and droughts. The failure of this Plan led to an imbalance in the economy. Despite big investments during the three Plans the living standards of the poor could not be raised and poverty and inequity in distribution of state resources remained stark. Unemployment increased from 5.3 million in 1956 to about 9.6 million in 1966. Consequently, the period between 1966 and 1969 marked the shift from a 'growth approach' to a 'distribution from growth approach'. Looking at the failures and pitfalls the planners suspended the impending Fourth Plan, which was due in 1966, until 1969 for a revision of objectives and targets. This came to be called as the 'Plan Holiday' extending from 1 April 1966 to 31 March 1969. The only gud point was that d economy has already set a platform by creating heavy industries.....so India has already taken d take off.
Baaki vichaar vimarsh huwa ki govt ke 3 five yr plans kyun successful nahi rahe hain the tab tak....fir aaya Agriculture pe focus......naye tarike kheti karne ke.....New seeds....use of fertlilizers, etc....kyunki desh ki garibi main koi fark nahi pada tha picchle 3 plans main...infact badd hi gayi thi garibi aur ab toh khaane ki v kami hone lagi thi desh main.......! ! ! !
This was a kind of base for the future India growth in which agriculture started playing a pivotal role....! ! ! ! !
Ab baari thiii 4th Five year plan ki.....
1969-1974.....
D R Gudgil Model
Target : 5.7%
Achieved : 3.30%
Result : No Fail (remember guys, it is called no Fail and not Failed)
1969 main hi Indira G ne banks ko nationalised kiya tha....Hope u guyz remeber nationalisation of 14 banks in india -- Imp question.
Reasons:
1)Why it is not called as failed one is because this plan ran successfully for the initial two years.....but the focus had to be shifted to othet things which r mentioned below.
2) 1970-71 -- indo Pak war II
3) 1970 -- Gilf oil crisis...... Saare gulf countries ne milke ek saath Oil ke rates increase kar diye...... Jiska India jaise countries pe bahut bura asar pada....as nothing can b done without fuel....! ! !
4) 70-71-72 : Problem of refugee cam again(Bangladesh)
5) Infaltion.....ie rising prices bcaz f lack f production and blackmarketing grew a lot
5th Five Year Plan: 1974-79
Target Growth: 4.4%
Actual Growth: 4.8%
Aim : Garibi Hatao
Iske juzz pehale chunao huye the.....aur desh main anti-Indira Gandhi lehar thi..... Tab indira Gandhi ka famous slogan aaya tha Ki.........."Sab kehate hain Indira Hatao....Main Kehati Hoon Garibi Hatao.....Main Bharat ki beti........." who won her laureals as well as the Polls. Oopar se Indo-Pak war main khatarnaak jeet ka bhi unke dobaara chunaav jeetane per bada asar pada tha.
This plan was terminated one year before becaz f congress losing the election and Janata Party winning the election. Nayi party aayi toh puraana sab band theek aaj kal ki tarah tab v hua.
1978-80 : Rolling Plan, Yeh tha toh 6th plan per 2 saal main hi janta party ki sirkaar giri aur congress waapis aayi aur usne iss plan ka boriya bistar pack karke apne khud ka 6th plan banaa diya joh hum aage padenge.
Rolling Plan:
Based on Gurnar Mridal Model(his famous book, The Asian Drama). In india it was brought and used by D T Lakrawaala
This plan was unique and a imp one as it was not based on 5 yr basis but on 1-2-5-10-20. What Lakrawala said was dat growth should not be measured on 5 year basis....but first in one year....then in two....then in 5th year and so on.....Means it should be long term basis...and not short terms...it should be evaluated regularly from the first year and should have a vision till 20 years, then only we can grow which was very much right in approach.
In this period, Planning commission was called as " SUPER CABINET ", which is an imp question to be asked in interviews and exams.
Iske juzz pehale chunao huye the.....aur desh main anti-Indira Gandhi lehar thi..... Tab indira Gandhi ka famous slogan aaya tha Ki.........."Sab kehate hain Indira Hatao....Main Kehati Hoon Garibi Hatao.....Main Bharat ki beti........." who won her laureals as well as the Polls. Oopar se Indo-Pak war main khatarnaak jeet ka bhi unke dobaara chunaav jeetane per bada asar pada tha.
This plan was terminated one year before becaz f congress losing the election and Janata Party winning the election. Nayi party aayi toh puraana sab band theek aaj kal ki tarah tab v hua.
1978-80 : Rolling Plan, Yeh tha toh 6th plan per 2 saal main hi janta party ki sirkaar giri aur congress waapis aayi aur usne iss plan ka boriya bistar pack karke apne khud ka 6th plan banaa diya joh hum aage padenge.
Rolling Plan:
Based on Gurnar Mridal Model(his famous book, The Asian Drama). In india it was brought and used by D T Lakrawaala
This plan was unique and a imp one as it was not based on 5 yr basis but on 1-2-5-10-20. What Lakrawala said was dat growth should not be measured on 5 year basis....but first in one year....then in two....then in 5th year and so on.....Means it should be long term basis...and not short terms...it should be evaluated regularly from the first year and should have a vision till 20 years, then only we can grow which was very much right in approach.
In this period, Planning commission was called as " SUPER CABINET ", which is an imp question to be asked in interviews and exams.
Story after this will be posted in the next post...... Remain tuned guys...Hope you all will be liking it.....Post your experience in the comments section so that we can improve this further.
-- <3
URs Pp
No comments:
Post a Comment